The Institution of the Jalālī Calendar in 1079 CE and Its Cohabitation with the Older Persian Calendar

Type:

Book Chapter

Author:

Johannes Thomann

Published:

2021

The Persian calendar in Achaemenid, Sasanian and early Islamic times 4 Originally, the Persian calendar was a Babylonian type lunisolar calendar, the so-called Old Persian calendar.In 525 BCE, Egypt was conquered and became a province of the Achaemenid Empire.Sometime later, probably between 481 BCE and 479 BCE, the Egyptian calendar was adapted by the emperor for the organization of the Zoroastrian cult; we might call it the Egypto-Zoroastrian calendar, or the Persian-Zoroastrian calendar.The Achaemenid rulers were proud of Egypt, their richest province, and therefore they might have chosen it for establishing uniformity of calendrical practice in the northern and eastern satrapies. 5 For non-religious purposes the Old Persian calendar remained in use: in a document written in 11 February 356 BCE, the dates are in the Old Persian calendar as well as in the Persian-Zoroastrian calendar. 6

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