Sons of chanyus educated at the Chinese court returned as bicultural elites. This process produced not an irreversible "sinicization" but the carrying of two identities at once — later Liu Yuan would say, "I am both of the Xiongnu and a descendant of the Liu dynasty."
Related civilizations
Frequently asked questions
- What was Southern Xiongnu Cultural Integration into China?
- The second and third generations of the Southern Xiongnu learned Chinese; some families adopted Chinese surnames (Liu, Zhang and others).
- When did Southern Xiongnu Cultural Integration into China happen?
- 150 CE
- Where did Southern Xiongnu Cultural Integration into China take place?
- Shanxi / Ordos