İlber Ortaylı (b. 1947) is a Turkish historian and academic. He is known for his work on Ottoman history, modernization, and Russian history.
He taught at various universities, foremost among them Galatasaray University, and served as director of the Topkapı Palace Museum. He has reached a broad readership with works such as "The Longest Century of the Empire" (İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı).