Er Töshtük

Er Töshtük is a Central Asian oral epic best known in the Kyrgyz version recorded by Vasily Radlov in 1885. In its Kyrgyz-language formations it is often included within the Epic of Manas. It also exists in other languages and cultures, including among the Kazakhs and Tatars of the Tyumen region of Siberia. Recorded versions have been appearing since the mid-19th century. Alongside Radlov's version, a French translation by Pertev Naili Boratav was also published in 1965; this version was based on the epic's performance by the manaschi Sayakbay Karalaev.

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