Terken Khatun (d. 1094) was the wife of the Great Seljuk Sultan Malik-Shah and one of the most powerful female political figures of her time. Descended from the Karakhanid dynasty, Terken Khatun wielded great influence at court.
Following Malik-Shah's death in 1092, she embarked on a fierce struggle for the throne against Prince Berkyaruk—who was backed by the famous vizier Nizam al-Mulk—in order to place her young son Mahmud on the throne. This struggle is regarded as the beginning of a period of interregnum and fragmentation in the Seljuk State. Terken Khatun is a striking example of women's political power in the medieval Turco-Islamic states.