List of rulers of Damascus from ancient times to the present
Aram-Damascus
Ben-Hadad I (c. 885 BCE – c. 865 BCE)
Hadadezer (c. 865 BCE – c. 842 BCE)
Hazael (c. 842 BCE – c. 804 BCE)
Rezon II (c. 740 BCE – 732 BCE)
Non-independent period
Subject to the Assyrians (732 BCE – 609 BCE)
Ilu-Ittia (approximately 8th century BCE)
Subject to Babylon (609 BCE – 539 BCE)
Subject to the Achaemenid Empire (539 BCE – 332 BCE)
Subject to Macedonia (332 BCE – 323 BCE)
Subject to the Antigonid Dynasty (323 BCE – 301 BCE)
Subject to the Ptolemaic Kingdom (301 BCE – 198 BCE)
Subject to the Seleucid Empire (198 BCE – 167 BCE)
Subject to Ituraea (167 BCE – 110 BCE) (semi-independent from the Seleucids)
Subject to the Decapolis (110 BCE – 85 BCE) (semi-independent from the Seleucids)
Subject to the Nabataean Kingdom (85 BCE – 64 BCE)
Roman Republic / Roman Empire / Byzantine Empire (64 BCE – 635)
Subject to the Ghassanids (529–584; ?–635)
The Rashidun (Four Caliphs)
Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah (636–637)
Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (640)
Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (640–661)
Umayyads
Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (661–680)
Yazid ibn Mu'awiya (680–683)
Abu Layla Mu'awiya ibn Yazid (683–684)
Marwan ibn al-Hakam (684–685)
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685–705)
Abu'l-Abbas al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (705–715)
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (715–717)
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (717–720)
Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (720–724)
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (724–743)
Marwan ibn Muhammad (ruled from Upper Mesopotamia, Harran, 744–750)
Abbasid emirs
Abdallah ibn Ali (750–754)
Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi (754–764)
Al-Fadl ibn Salih (766–775)
Abu Ja'far Harun al-Rashid (783–786)
Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (791–793)
Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (793–794)
Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (794–797)
Ja'far ibn Yahya (797–803)
Shu'ayb ibn Khazim (803–804)
Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim (806–808)
Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (810–811)
Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (811–815)
Tahir ibn al-Husein (815–821)
Abdallah ibn Tahir (821–822)
Abu Ishaq Abbas al-Mu'tasim Billah (828–829)
al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun (829–833)
Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841–847)
Malik ibn Sauq al-Taglibi (847–850)
Ibrahim al-Muyad ibn Mutawakkil (850–855)
al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856–861)
'Isa ibn Muhammad ibn al-Shayh (861–864)
Isa ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari (c. 866)
Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, rebel governor (c. 867–870)
'Ali ibn Amajur al-Turki (878)
Subject to the Tulunids of Egypt (877–896)
Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh (905–906)
Muhammad ibn Tughj (931–935)
Subject to the Ikhshidids of Egypt (935–969), with exceptions:
Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943–945)
Sayf al-Dawla (a brief period in 945 and in 947)
Fatimid emirs
Abu Ali Ja'far ibn Fallah al-Kutami (970–971)
Zalim ibn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973–974)
Alptekin al-Mu'izzi (975–978)
The Fatimids' recapture of Damascus
Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997–998)
Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998–1000)
Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002)
Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004)
Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009)
Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011)
Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014)
Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021)
Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023)
Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024)
Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028)
Anushtakin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041)
Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1041–1048)
Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049)
Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058)
Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058)
Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1058–1060)
Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061)
Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061)
Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061)
Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063)
Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067)
Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069)
Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071)
Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)
Burid emirs
Taj al-Mulk Böri (1128–1132)
Shams al-Mulk Isma'il (1132–1135)
Shihab al-Din Mahmud (1135–1139)
Jamal al-Din Muhammad (1139–1140)
Mu'in al-Din Unur (regent, 1140–1149)
Mujir al-Din Abaq (1140–1154)
Zengid atabegs
Nur al-Din Mahmud Zengi (1154–1174)
al-Malik al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il (1174)
Ayyubid emirs (some are also Sultan of Egypt)
Saladin (Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi) (1174–1186)
al-Afdal ibn Salah al-Din (1186–1196)
al-Mu'azzam ibn al-Adil (1218–1227)
al-Kamil ibn al-Adil (1237–1238)
al-Salih Ayyub (1245–1249)
al-Mu'azzam Turanshah (1249–1250)
an-Nasir Yusuf (1250–1260)
Governors of the Mamluk State
Sanjar as-Salihi (August 1260 – October 1260)
Taybars al-Waziri (October 1260 – 1264)
Sunqur al-Ashqar (1275–1280)
Aqush Bey (approximately 1290s)
Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297)
Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1312)
Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz as-Nasiri (1312–1340)
Yilbugha an-Nasiri (1340–1350)
Tash Timur (approximately 1380)
Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?–1393)
Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399)
Occupied by Timur (1400–1401)
Taghribirdi az-Zahiri (1401–?)
Kijmas (approximately 1470s)
Ghazali Arab (approximately 16th century)
Sibai (approximately 16th century)
Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517)
Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518–1521)
Capital of Syria
French Mandate of Syria (1920–1946)
Syrian Republic (1946–1958)
United Arab Republic (1958–1961)
Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)
Sources
- Turkish Wikipedia: tr.wikipedia.org
- English Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org