Did Republic of India and Soviet Union (USSR) exist in the same era?

Yes, the two civilizations both existed around 1947 CE.

Which lasted longer, Republic of India or Soviet Union (USSR)?

Republic of India lasted longer (79 years).

Republic of India: Güney Asya; Soviet Union (USSR): Avrasya

Republic of India (1947 CE – present) and Soviet Union (USSR) (1922 CE – 1991 CE) lived in the same era.

	Republic of India	Soviet Union (USSR)
Period	1947 CE – present	1922 CE – 1991 CE
Duration	79 years	69 years
Region	Güney Asya	Avrasya
Capital	Yeni Delhi	Moskova
Type	Republic	Federation
Government	Federal Parlamenter Cumhuriyet	Tek Parti Sosyalist Cumhuriyet
Religion	Hinduizm, İslam, diğerleri	Devlet ateizmi
Language	Hintçe, İngilizce	Rusça
Peak population	1,400,000,000	293,000,000
Rulers	8	8

The world's largest democracy. It gained independence through Gandhi's nonviolent resistance movement. Unity in diversity.

The first socialist superpower in history. The rival of the United States during the Cold War. It initiated the space race.

Did Republic of India and Soviet Union (USSR) exist in the same era?: Yes, the two civilizations both existed around 1947 CE.
Which lasted longer, Republic of India or Soviet Union (USSR)?: Republic of India lasted longer (79 years).
Which regions did Republic of India and Soviet Union (USSR) rule?: Republic of India: Güney Asya; Soviet Union (USSR): Avrasya